The Uneven & Non-Isotropic Expansion & Contraction of the Space-Time Fabric

The Uneven & Non-Isotropic 

Expansion & Contraction

of the Space-Time Fabric

KRS Murthy

NOTE: This blog includes KRS Murthy's Postulates and Interpretations, with explanations and discussions, summarized at the end of the blog. 

The space-time fabric as experienced by matter and light is made up of three dimensions of space and one unidirectional time. I am using the term matter to include solids, liquids, gas, plasma, other exitic forms of matter like Bose-Einstein Condensate, and also different mixes them. I am using the term light to include all forms and the full spectrum of electromagnetic waves and even a mix of them.

The space time fabric behaves differently, for any observer, in different scale, as it is different in the quantum realm from the nano realm, and further from the macroscopic realm, even behaving very differently in galactic, all the way to the cosmic universal scale. The behavior is different, and actually unobservable beyond Hubble horizon.

The behavior of space-time fabric is only and limited to what is observed by an observer; there is nothing absolute about the space-time fabric. Two totally and exclusively independent observers and will see the space-time fabric around them behave very differently in all aspects, even though the difference may be very small; the difference also depends on the tools and methodology used by the two observers. The tools and methodology used, for example, include the probes, instrumentation, their accuracy, precision and tolerance. The difference is also imposed by the impossibilities of the simultaneity of measurement and observation. Two observations can not be simultaneous either two independent observers, or even by the same observer with two independent observations and measurements, for one observation could influence the other.

Between two points in space-time, with an observed object and an observer, the space-time fabric is stretching or contracting resulting in the perception to the observer that the observed object is moving towards or away from the observer. This stretching or contracting is true at the super galactic and universal scale. In fact, this stretching started at the big bang. After some expansion after the big bang, a period known as “inflation”, the stretching rate accelerated for some time before becoming a steady expansion. If only expansion via space-time fabric stretching happened, the cosmic microwave background would have been uniform in all directions, as originally observed. It is now known that the cosmic microwave background is not smooth and uniform at all in all directions, as observed from the earth vantage point of view.

Both stretching and contraction of the space-time fabric is still happening, and non-uniformly and non-isotropically at all points of the universe. The stretching and contraction metamorphosize differently in different scales of the universe, to encompass planck scale, elementary particle and subatomic scales, nano, micro, macro at our solar system scale, galactic and super galactic scale, inside and around their event horizon of black holes, and as the effects of dark matter and dark energy at universal scale, except that we can't observe beyond Hubble horizon, but are destined to only speculate beyond the Hubble horizon. When the stretching happens at an continuously accelerated rate as is observed with many cosmological objects, called as runaway galaxies and galaxy clusters, an expansion velocity reaches and also crosses beyond the speed of light, the runaway galactic objects escape the observable limit and become invisible for ever. This observable limit is called the Hubble horizon.

This stretching and expansion of the space-time fabric is the basic phenomenon. The stretching at universal scale is attributed to dark energy, as this energy is different from the different forms of energy we are used to, for example, light, other electromagnetic energy, heat and sound. As we have not been able to observe or measure the dark energy by direct measurements, to understand the direct cause – effect relationship, it is called dark energy.

The contracting aspect of space-time fabric attributed to dark matter includes the gravitational effects observed between objects in the galactic and supergalactic scale. The dark matter effects of gravitation between the galactic and super galactic objects increases, some what proportionately, as the size and mass of the objects at galactic scale. The dark matter effects are not uniform is all scales and between all objects, and especially not existent at stellar or planetary scale.

For example, the dark matter does not seem to exert its gravitational influence, beyond what is observed owing to Kepler's Law. To clarify, the planets and their satellites in our solar system orbit the sun at different orbital speeds owing to Newton Law of Gravitation. The planets closer to the sun take shorter time to orbit around the sun, compared to the planets away from the sun based on their relative mass to the sun and the distance from the sun.

However, the orbital behavior of the different stars and other extra-stellar objects around the center of our galaxy Milky Way do not follow Kepler's Law of orbital motion. The orbital velocity of the stellar and extra-stellar objects are approximately uniform, yet not completely uniform. This is attributed to dark matter spread around and distributed in the orbital space around the galactic center of Milky Way. Similar observations have been made in other galaxies also.

The galaxies in galaxy clusters seem to rotate around some central point, yet this influencing super galactic object at galactic scale at the center is not observable. The larger the galaxy cluster with many more galaxies, it has been observed that the rotational gravitational force is approximately and proportionately to be higher, implying that the dark matter presence is proportionately larger or denser or both. The dark matter is interpreted as a scaffold in the space-time fabric, that attracts galactic objects by a gravitational force. This scaffold of space-time fabric is not uniform around the space-time in the universe, with concentration or density distributed differently in different parts and branches of the scaffold fabric. Therefore, areas with denser or more massive dark matter attract more of the galaxies and galaxy clusters, while relatively fewer galactic objects in other areas, proportional to the dark matter present there. In fact, the dark matter spread out differently in the space-time fabric is the reason the universe is able to coalesce into the characteristic structure observed by us from the earth. The dark matter is essential to the existence of the universe with such diversity in many aspects especially at galactic and cosmological scale.

Summary and Conclusions:

The space-time fabric is uneven & non-isotropic in different scales of the universe, seemingly obeying different laws of physics at different scales from Planck limits, through elementary particle and subatomic scales in the quantum realm, through nano, micro, macro (human scale), stellar, galactic / supergalactic, and all different scales of to universal scales in both space and time. Both expansions & contractions of the space-time fabric have happened, is still happening, and in all possibilities will continue to happen at multiple scales in the universe, in a tug of war, competing and opposing directions and extents which have combined results between observable scales in the universe, as if the laws of physics obey only in certain restricted space-time realms, with various changes and even paradigm shits / changes in progressive scales.

I have presented the stretching (expansion) and contraction of the space-time fabric as more fundamental than the current and prevalent interpretation of the universe at different scales

I plan to continue my postulates and interpretation of the unevenness and non-isotropy of the space-time fabric in many scales from the smallest limit to the largest observable limits of the universe

I plan to continue to present clumsiness of the physical properties of the universe from Planck scale to universal scale and clumped universe as a result of unevenness and non-isotropy of the space-time fabric in many scales from the smallest limit to the largest observable limits of the universe,

I present examples and explanations of the laws of physics different, the different extents of the properties of matter and energy or appear different, at different scales of the universe from planck limits to the universal limits.

Feel free to contact me with your feedback via email to:

DrKRSMurthy2017@Gmail.Com

I am also available for phone and Skype calls, with meeting and presentations to groups, as needed. My Skype ID:  DrKRSMurthy