Emergence Phenomena Between Different Contiguous Space-Time Scales

Emergence Phenomena Between

Different Contiguous Space-Time Scales

KRS Murthy

NOTE:

I propound the concept and phenomena of emergence between contiguous space-time fabric scales, that are seemingly paradigm changes / shifts and not correlated. I also explain the concept of transition and overlap of the space-time fabric in the laws of physics and the properties of the matter and energy.

My postulates and interpretations about the properties of matter and energy in the contiguous space-time scales, with explanations and discussions, are presented in the document and summarized at the end of the blog. 

Emergence Phenomena

Different scale segmentations of the space-time fabric are listed below:

1. Planck Scale: This is the smallest and limiting scale in physics. The scale is made up of the following:
   1. Planck Length: The smallest length in the space-time fabric of our universe
   2. Planck Space in Three Dimensions: The smallest space in the space-time fabric of our universe
   3. Planck Time: The shortest time in the space-time fabric
2. Sub-Atomic and Elementary Particle Scale:
   1. This refers to the space and time scales in which the different elementary particles operate, interact and behave, also called the quantum scale.
   2. For example, the electrons orbiting around a nucleus are defined by a probability wave function, rather than a specific single number for its location, momentum, spin and other properties. The electrons can exist only in certain quantized states, with continuous physical properties, but digital options.
   3. When electrons in a quantized orbit are exited by, for example, a light photon, which is a light quanta, the electrons jump to a higher state, only if the light quanta of energy imparted or transferred is exactly equal to the energy level difference between the final state and the previous state of the two orbits. The electron does not go through the path between the two states, but “jump” from one state to the higher state, as if it disappears from the lower state abruptly and appears again abruptly in the new higher states. This is the quantum concept and phenomenon.
   4. Even the spin of the electron is quantized, with only spin up or spin down. Any transitions from one spin quantized state to the opposite spin state happens with no states or values in between, or a continuity in flipping action from up spin state to the down spin state pr vice versa.
   5. The quantum behavior is like “now you see in one quantum state, suddenly you don't see it there, just to suddenly appear in another state”
   6. This quantum property is very strange from a human experience, observation and measurement in the macro scale we live in where continuity is very normal, rather the quantum type of jumps are never observed. Think of a person or object walking into an elevator in a building on one floor, and suddenly appearing in another floor coming out of an elevator, but instantly with zero time lag. You may have seen a magician who performs magic tricks that seemingly makes one beautiful lady disappear in a place and instantly appear in a different place, in different costumes or make up or hairdo. The magician really uses two differently ladies, either twins or of similar height and body shape with costumes and make up to make their faces and bodies look almost like the same person. The magician has two ladies, or even more ladies in his magic act, just to make you believe that it is only one lady making a “quantum jump”.
   7. The magician will have selected with some difficulty, effort, training and cost two or more ladies who are twins, or look alikes, perfectly trained to fool you in the spectators, with a lot of lights, shadows, music and magical “hoopla”. The baffled spectator is fooled, but happy to witness the magic, and with full willingness to believe to the core.
   8. The “lookalike” concept is the key to my postulate and explanation. It is important to realize that all electrons “look alike”. One electron may be doing one act in the magic performed by the greatest magician called “nature”, where as the nature has created all electrons to look alike, and make these “look alike” electrons do different acts in different positions, when one electron disappears from one orbit of the atom, when another totally different electron appears with zero time gap in another orbit. Physicists are like gullible spectators, who believe in the “jump” that never happened, and of course a different electron appears in a different orbit, giving the impression to the physicist of a quantum jump, with no in between path of the same electron disappearing in one quantum state, just for the “same electron” to appear another orbit.
   9. Even the quantum entanglement is based on the same principle and fact of “all electrons looking alike or identical”, especially to a gullible physicist spectators.
   10. The “quantum magic” does not happen in the macro world we live in, as at the macro scale objects may not look alike.
   11. Another important factor of the physicists befooled at the “quantum magic” or “quantum belief of the physicists” is the time scale at which the subatomic phenomenon happen. The electrons are very small even compared to the tiny hydrogen atom nucleus, which is just a proton. The proton is 1836 times the size and mass of an electron, except that they have the same electric charge value, but opposite charge polarity. Compared to the size of the proton, and that of the electron, the orbit is larger by many factors, meaning many powers of ten being their ratio. There is a lot of relative empty space between the proton and the electron orbiting it. The electron orbits around the proton super fast, compared to the time scales we are used to and also the speed and time response of any probe used by physicists trying to measure the position and momentum of the electrons. A simple analogy in our life as humans is a ceiling fan or even a table fan, that rotates very fast compared to human response times. When the fan is not rotating and the blades are still, one can see the three different blades. However, when the fan blades start rotating, and attain the fastest rotation speed, what we see is a fuzzy version not the individual blades. The blades appear to be in every place at once, which is why they appear fuzzy. The human eye can't see the individual blades above thirty to sixty rotations per second. The blades appear fuzzy in all of the 360 degrees. You can throw a stone or a marble at the fast rotating fan blades at any spot in the 360 degrees. The stone or the marble hits the blades equally well all around the 360 degree space. The point I am making is about the relative speeds of blade rotation around the 360 degrees and the speed of the stone. This is only an analogy for the electrons orbiting a proton in the atom. The physicists say that the electrons orbiting the proton could be anywhere and everywhere attributed to the probability distribution of the electron to be everywhere equally at the same time, till a measurement is made, when the wave function collapses, and the measurement sees the electron in one position. In the fan analogy the rotation speed is not very high. However, the electron being very small compared to the proton, and in the similar relative dimensions the electron orbits extremely fast, many powers of ten, compared to any probe used by the physicist. The dimensions of the electrons being very small and orbiting super fast, the probe's response time relatively very slow, a probability wave function for the measurement or attribution practically acknowledges the relative speeds of many orders of ten.
   12. If and when we could develop a variable strobe probe and sweep the probe to attain the same frequency equal to that of the rotation of the electron, the strobe probe with radiation or elementary particle equal to or smaller than the size of the electron, my explanation will be proved correct and perfectly befitting the interpretation.

Let me first define the vocabulary used in my presentations and explanations, which will be brief. For detailed versions, feel free to contact me directly.

The Phenomenon of Emergence

Emergence is the phenomenon, or multiple phenomena, arising as a result of the different physical properties in one space-time scale into the contiguous and higher scale.

Emergent Property

This is the resultant property from the emergence phenomena

Roots of Emergence

These are the root properties of the space-time fabric scale of the lower scale, combined in totality given rise to the emergent property, even though a single property at the root level may also give rise to the emergent property.

Principle of Emergence Dominance

This is the principle of the emergent property dominating over the root properties to an observer at the emergent scale of the space – time fabric.

Principle of Property Overlaps

This are the principles governing overlaps of property between two contiguous space-time fabric scales

Details of the Workings of Emergence

I will present below the description of the phenomenon of emergence with examples, covering many scales of the space – time fabric, with overlap phenomenon.

For example, the quantum space-time scale of the subatomic and of the elementary particles with the associated quantum physical properties in totality give rise to the physical properties in the nano scale. The nano scale physical properties and the overall behavior start from 10 to minus 10 meters to 10 to minus 6 meters with predominance of the nano property in one nano meter to 1000 nanometers.

The atomic, subatomic and elementary particle is the quantum realm. This starts from 10 to minus 10 meters at the higher end and goes down to 10 to minus 18 meters.

There is also an over lap between the nano scale and the atomic, subatomic and elementary particle scale of a range of about two factors of ten. Plasmon resonance and other properties of the light when interacting with nano material and single layer of carbon called graphene are examples of the overlap and crossover. The wave - particle duality of light and even some atomic particles like electron, also extending to buckeye balls is another clear example of the overlap.

When multiple layers of nano material beyond an angstrom are joined together, nano behavior starts with the disappearance of the quantum behavior. In general, when different atoms bond together to form molecules, the quantum and some aspects of the nano properties disappear to give rise to the behavior that is the discipline of chemistry. In the chemistry domain, molecular bonds are the dominant forces, whereas the properties of the subatomic particles are benign.

As we move to the scale which is the realm of few nanometers to few hundred nanometers, the properties of light at different wavelength take hold, where light of different wavelengths, interact with molecular bonds, exchanging energy in elastic and inelastic absorption and scattering, interacting with and exchanging energy in the different wavelengths with rotation and vibrational energies of the molecules and their interplay with energy bonds, when the electrons in the valence band are shared between two or more atoms of molecules.

Further, as we move to the micrometer scale, chemical behavior gives rise to physical and chemical properties which is the realm of organic and biochemistry. In addition, amino acids and their chains give rise to the realm of life and microbiology property. The single cell microbiological cells start at 10 to minus 5 meters. This is a very important scale, which is actually in the middle between the Planck scale and the universal and cosmological scale both these directions about 10 to minus 30 meters on the lower side to the Planck limit and 10 to plus 30 meters on the higher side to the Hubble horizon limit. On a logarithmic scale if the single cell life is considered to be at the zero point, Planck limit and Hubble horizon limit are equidistant.

Feel free to contact me with your feedback via email to:

DrKRSMurthy2017@Gmail.Com

I am also available for phone and Skype calls, with meeting and presentations to groups, as needed. 

My Skype ID:  DrKRSMurthy

The Uneven & Non-Isotropic Expansion & Contraction of the Space-Time Fabric

The Uneven & Non-Isotropic 

Expansion & Contraction

of the Space-Time Fabric

KRS Murthy

NOTE: This blog includes KRS Murthy's Postulates and Interpretations, with explanations and discussions, summarized at the end of the blog. 

The space-time fabric as experienced by matter and light is made up of three dimensions of space and one unidirectional time. I am using the term matter to include solids, liquids, gas, plasma, other exitic forms of matter like Bose-Einstein Condensate, and also different mixes them. I am using the term light to include all forms and the full spectrum of electromagnetic waves and even a mix of them.

The space time fabric behaves differently, for any observer, in different scale, as it is different in the quantum realm from the nano realm, and further from the macroscopic realm, even behaving very differently in galactic, all the way to the cosmic universal scale. The behavior is different, and actually unobservable beyond Hubble horizon.

The behavior of space-time fabric is only and limited to what is observed by an observer; there is nothing absolute about the space-time fabric. Two totally and exclusively independent observers and will see the space-time fabric around them behave very differently in all aspects, even though the difference may be very small; the difference also depends on the tools and methodology used by the two observers. The tools and methodology used, for example, include the probes, instrumentation, their accuracy, precision and tolerance. The difference is also imposed by the impossibilities of the simultaneity of measurement and observation. Two observations can not be simultaneous either two independent observers, or even by the same observer with two independent observations and measurements, for one observation could influence the other.

Between two points in space-time, with an observed object and an observer, the space-time fabric is stretching or contracting resulting in the perception to the observer that the observed object is moving towards or away from the observer. This stretching or contracting is true at the super galactic and universal scale. In fact, this stretching started at the big bang. After some expansion after the big bang, a period known as “inflation”, the stretching rate accelerated for some time before becoming a steady expansion. If only expansion via space-time fabric stretching happened, the cosmic microwave background would have been uniform in all directions, as originally observed. It is now known that the cosmic microwave background is not smooth and uniform at all in all directions, as observed from the earth vantage point of view.

Both stretching and contraction of the space-time fabric is still happening, and non-uniformly and non-isotropically at all points of the universe. The stretching and contraction metamorphosize differently in different scales of the universe, to encompass planck scale, elementary particle and subatomic scales, nano, micro, macro at our solar system scale, galactic and super galactic scale, inside and around their event horizon of black holes, and as the effects of dark matter and dark energy at universal scale, except that we can't observe beyond Hubble horizon, but are destined to only speculate beyond the Hubble horizon. When the stretching happens at an continuously accelerated rate as is observed with many cosmological objects, called as runaway galaxies and galaxy clusters, an expansion velocity reaches and also crosses beyond the speed of light, the runaway galactic objects escape the observable limit and become invisible for ever. This observable limit is called the Hubble horizon.

This stretching and expansion of the space-time fabric is the basic phenomenon. The stretching at universal scale is attributed to dark energy, as this energy is different from the different forms of energy we are used to, for example, light, other electromagnetic energy, heat and sound. As we have not been able to observe or measure the dark energy by direct measurements, to understand the direct cause – effect relationship, it is called dark energy.

The contracting aspect of space-time fabric attributed to dark matter includes the gravitational effects observed between objects in the galactic and supergalactic scale. The dark matter effects of gravitation between the galactic and super galactic objects increases, some what proportionately, as the size and mass of the objects at galactic scale. The dark matter effects are not uniform is all scales and between all objects, and especially not existent at stellar or planetary scale.

For example, the dark matter does not seem to exert its gravitational influence, beyond what is observed owing to Kepler's Law. To clarify, the planets and their satellites in our solar system orbit the sun at different orbital speeds owing to Newton Law of Gravitation. The planets closer to the sun take shorter time to orbit around the sun, compared to the planets away from the sun based on their relative mass to the sun and the distance from the sun.

However, the orbital behavior of the different stars and other extra-stellar objects around the center of our galaxy Milky Way do not follow Kepler's Law of orbital motion. The orbital velocity of the stellar and extra-stellar objects are approximately uniform, yet not completely uniform. This is attributed to dark matter spread around and distributed in the orbital space around the galactic center of Milky Way. Similar observations have been made in other galaxies also.

The galaxies in galaxy clusters seem to rotate around some central point, yet this influencing super galactic object at galactic scale at the center is not observable. The larger the galaxy cluster with many more galaxies, it has been observed that the rotational gravitational force is approximately and proportionately to be higher, implying that the dark matter presence is proportionately larger or denser or both. The dark matter is interpreted as a scaffold in the space-time fabric, that attracts galactic objects by a gravitational force. This scaffold of space-time fabric is not uniform around the space-time in the universe, with concentration or density distributed differently in different parts and branches of the scaffold fabric. Therefore, areas with denser or more massive dark matter attract more of the galaxies and galaxy clusters, while relatively fewer galactic objects in other areas, proportional to the dark matter present there. In fact, the dark matter spread out differently in the space-time fabric is the reason the universe is able to coalesce into the characteristic structure observed by us from the earth. The dark matter is essential to the existence of the universe with such diversity in many aspects especially at galactic and cosmological scale.

Summary and Conclusions:

The space-time fabric is uneven & non-isotropic in different scales of the universe, seemingly obeying different laws of physics at different scales from Planck limits, through elementary particle and subatomic scales in the quantum realm, through nano, micro, macro (human scale), stellar, galactic / supergalactic, and all different scales of to universal scales in both space and time. Both expansions & contractions of the space-time fabric have happened, is still happening, and in all possibilities will continue to happen at multiple scales in the universe, in a tug of war, competing and opposing directions and extents which have combined results between observable scales in the universe, as if the laws of physics obey only in certain restricted space-time realms, with various changes and even paradigm shits / changes in progressive scales.

I have presented the stretching (expansion) and contraction of the space-time fabric as more fundamental than the current and prevalent interpretation of the universe at different scales

I plan to continue my postulates and interpretation of the unevenness and non-isotropy of the space-time fabric in many scales from the smallest limit to the largest observable limits of the universe

I plan to continue to present clumsiness of the physical properties of the universe from Planck scale to universal scale and clumped universe as a result of unevenness and non-isotropy of the space-time fabric in many scales from the smallest limit to the largest observable limits of the universe,

I present examples and explanations of the laws of physics different, the different extents of the properties of matter and energy or appear different, at different scales of the universe from planck limits to the universal limits.

Feel free to contact me with your feedback via email to:

DrKRSMurthy2017@Gmail.Com

I am also available for phone and Skype calls, with meeting and presentations to groups, as needed. My Skype ID:  DrKRSMurthy